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Hydrogen

IntroductionCategoryDetailsPhysical Properties– Molecular Weight: 2.016 g/mol– Density (Gas): 0

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Introduction

CategoryDetails
Physical Properties– Molecular Weight: 2.016 g/mol

– Density (Gas): 0.08988 kg/m³ (0°C, 1 atm); (Liquid): 70.8 kg/m³ (-253°C)

– Boiling Point: -252.87°C (20.28 K)

– Autoignition Temperature: 500°C (932°F)

– Explosive Range: 4–75% volume in air (widest flammability range)
Technical Specifications– Purity: 99.999% (5.0 grade, electronics); 99.9999% (6.0 grade, research)

– Impurity Limits: O₂ ≤ 0.1 ppm, H₂O ≤ 0.5 ppm, CO ≤ 0.1 ppm (6.0 grade)

– Pressure: 200–300 bar (compressed gas cylinders); 1 bar (vapor at 25°C)

– Cylinder Sizes: 10L, 50L, 100L (compressed gas); 1.000–10.000 gallons (liquid)

– Valve Types: CGA 350 (US), DIN 477 (EU), and JIS B 8241 (Japan)

– Flow Rate: 0.1–100 SLPM (standard liters per minute)

– Purity Analysis: GC-TCD (Gas Chromatography with Thermal Conductivity Detector)
Key Applications– Energy: Fuel cell vehicles, hydrogen combustion engines

– Kemikalier: Ammonia production (Haber process), methanol synthesis

– Electronics: Semiconductor doping, CVD precursors, and cooling

– Metallurgy: Annealing, hydrogen embrittlement testing

– Aerospace: Rocket fuel (liquid H₂/LOX mixtures)
Safety Data– CAS No.: 1333-74-0

– UN Number: 1049 (compressed); 1966 (liquid)

– NFPA 704: Health 0. Flammability 4. Reactivity 1 (oxidizing)

– Fire Risk: Extinguish with dry chemical/CO₂; avoid water (may react with metals)

– Leak Detection: Use catalytic bead sensors or ultrasonic detectors
Storage & Handling– Compressed Gas: Store in Type 4 composite cylinders (≤50°C); secure upright

– Liquid Hydrogen: Cryogenic dewars (vacuum-insulated); PPE required (cryogenic gloves, face shield)

– Ventilation: Ensure airflow in enclosed spaces to prevent accumulation

– Purging: Flush equipment with inert gas (N₂) before H₂ introduction
Certifications– ISO 14687: Hydrogen fuel quality

– ASTM D7650: Gaseous hydrogen storage and handling

– OSHA 29 CFR 1910: Flammable gases regulations
Environmental Impact– Zero Emissions: Combustion produces H₂O (clean energy carrier)

– Production: Gray H₂ (methane reforming, CO₂ byproduct); Green H₂ (electrolysis, renewable energy)

– Leak Mitigation: Vapor recovery systems; hydrogen sensors in storage
Kvalitetskontroll– Traceability: Lot-specific certificates of analysis (COA)

– Leak Testing: Helium mass spectrometry (≤1×10⁻⁹ atm·cm³/s)

– Shelf Life: 24–36 months (certified stability when stored properly)
 

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